HomeArticles
Enter the file name, and select the appropriate operating system to find the files you need:

nsiproxy.sys File Information

FileName
nsiproxy.sys
Comments
-
InternalName
nsiproxy.sys
ProductName
Microsoft? Windows? Operating System
CompanyName
Microsoft Corporation
LegalCopyright
? Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
ProductVersion
6.0.6001.18000
6.1.7600.16385
6.2.9200.16384
6.3.9600.16384
10.0.10240.16384
FileDescription
NSI Proxy
LegalTrademarks
-
PrivateBuild
-
OriginalFilename
nsiproxy.sys
SpecialBuild
-
For Windows OS
Windows Vista
Windows Server 2008
Windows 8
Windows 7
Windows 8.1
Windows Server 2012
Windows 10
strMemo
-
Views
2000

 

Tip: How to correctly select the file you need
1 If you know MD5 value of the required files, it is the best approach to make choice
2 If you do not know MD5 value of files, you can choose the appropriate files by adopting the following three steps:
 (1) View the operating system version. (Method: Click "My Computer" on the desktop-> "Properties" to view the operating system version)
 (2) If your original file is just corrupted but not lost, then please check the version number of your files. (Method: Click your original file, and then click on the right key to select "Properties" from the pop-up menu, you can see the version number of the files)
 (3) Depending on the version number of your existing operating system, and version number of the files, you can select the corresponding files from the list below to download the required files.
If you still can't find the file you need, you can leave a "message" on the webpage.
Windows Server 2012
Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter x64 with update:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.3.9600.16384 (winblue_rtm.130821-1623)e490b459978cb87779e84c761d22b82739 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.3.9600.16384_none_632082ea9b6ae716\
Windows Server 2012 R2 Standard x64 with update:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.3.9600.16384 (winblue_rtm.130821-1623)e490b459978cb87779e84c761d22b82739 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.3.9600.16384_none_632082ea9b6ae716\
Windows Server 2012 Datacenter x64:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.2.9200.16384 (win8_rtm.120725-1247)689b3b1e95c70abf7aff29f9406ef1e033 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_cb2bca4451381699\
Windows Server 2012 Standard x64:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.2.9200.16384 (win8_rtm.120725-1247)689b3b1e95c70abf7aff29f9406ef1e033 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_cb2bca4451381699\
Windows Server 2008
Windows Server 2008 R2 Web Edition x64 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e7f5ae18af4168178a642a9247c6300124 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_ce571486e124e749\
Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter x64 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e7f5ae18af4168178a642a9247c6300124 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_ce571486e124e749\
Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard x64 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e7f5ae18af4168178a642a9247c6300124 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_ce571486e124e749\
Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise x64 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e7f5ae18af4168178a642a9247c6300124 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_ce571486e124e749\
Windows 10
Windows 10 Enterprise x64:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
10.0.10240.16384 (th1.150709-1700)66a98c407085b8920df1e6d722f1adb839 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.10240.16384_none_7a62948e62212b46\
Windows 10 Home x64:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
10.0.10240.16384 (th1.150709-1700)66a98c407085b8920df1e6d722f1adb839 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.10240.16384_none_7a62948e62212b46\
Windows 10 Pro x64:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
10.0.10240.16384 (th1.150709-1700)66a98c407085b8920df1e6d722f1adb839 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.10240.16384_none_7a62948e62212b46\
Windows 10 Enterprise x32:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
10.0.10240.16384 (th1.150709-1700)8b27e449afa08a77c54744c0e3dd542f27 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.10240.16384_none_1e43f90aa9c3ba10\
Windows 10 Home x32:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
10.0.10240.16384 (th1.150709-1700)8b27e449afa08a77c54744c0e3dd542f27 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.10240.16384_none_1e43f90aa9c3ba10\
Windows 10 Pro x32:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
10.0.10240.16384 (th1.150709-1700)8b27e449afa08a77c54744c0e3dd542f27 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.10240.16384_none_1e43f90aa9c3ba10\
Windows 8.1
Windows 8.1 Professional x32:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.3.9600.16384 (winblue_rtm.130821-1623)3d383d0c64ffc3d3dde2ed4ef828cfab27 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.3.9600.16384_none_0701e766e30d75e0\
Windows 8.1 Professional x64:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.3.9600.16384 (winblue_rtm.130821-1623)e490b459978cb87779e84c761d22b82739 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.3.9600.16384_none_632082ea9b6ae716\
Windows 8.1 Enterprise x32:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.3.9600.16384 (winblue_rtm.130821-1623)3d383d0c64ffc3d3dde2ed4ef828cfab27 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.3.9600.16384_none_0701e766e30d75e0\
Windows 8.1 Enterprise x64:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.3.9600.16384 (winblue_rtm.130821-1623)e490b459978cb87779e84c761d22b82739 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.3.9600.16384_none_632082ea9b6ae716\
Windows 8
Windows 8 Enterprise x64:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.2.9200.16384 (win8_rtm.120725-1247)689b3b1e95c70abf7aff29f9406ef1e033 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_cb2bca4451381699\
Windows 8 Enterprise x32:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.2.9200.16384 (win8_rtm.120725-1247)9588ccd14571fa22f8f2eccf198ab44823 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_6f0d2ec098daa563\
Windows 8 Pro x64:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.2.9200.16384 (win8_rtm.120725-1247)689b3b1e95c70abf7aff29f9406ef1e033 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_cb2bca4451381699\
Windows 8 x64:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.2.9200.16384 (win8_rtm.120725-1247)689b3b1e95c70abf7aff29f9406ef1e033 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_cb2bca4451381699\
Windows 8 Pro x32:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.2.9200.16384 (win8_rtm.120725-1247)9588ccd14571fa22f8f2eccf198ab44823 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_6f0d2ec098daa563\
Windows 8 x32:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.2.9200.16384 (win8_rtm.120725-1247)9588ccd14571fa22f8f2eccf198ab44823 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\WinSxS\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.2.9200.16384_none_6f0d2ec098daa563\
Windows 7
Windows 7 Ultimate x32 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e9a0a4d07e53d8fea2bb8387a3293c5816 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_7238790328c77613\
Windows 7 Ultimate x64 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e7f5ae18af4168178a642a9247c6300124 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_ce571486e124e749\
Windows 7 Starter x32 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e9a0a4d07e53d8fea2bb8387a3293c5816 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_7238790328c77613\
Windows 7 Professional x32 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e9a0a4d07e53d8fea2bb8387a3293c5816 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_7238790328c77613\
Windows 7 Professional x64 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e7f5ae18af4168178a642a9247c6300124 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_ce571486e124e749\
Windows 7 Home Premium x32 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e9a0a4d07e53d8fea2bb8387a3293c5816 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_7238790328c77613\
Windows 7 Home Premium x64 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e7f5ae18af4168178a642a9247c6300124 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_ce571486e124e749\
Windows 7 Home Basic x32 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e9a0a4d07e53d8fea2bb8387a3293c5816 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_7238790328c77613\
Windows 7 Enterprise x32 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e9a0a4d07e53d8fea2bb8387a3293c5816 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_7238790328c77613\
Windows 7 Enterprise x64 Service Pack1:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.1.7600.16385 (win7_rtm.090713-1255)e7f5ae18af4168178a642a9247c6300124 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7600.16385_none_ce571486e124e749\
Windows Vista
Windows Vista Ultimate x32 Service Pack2:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.0.6001.18000 (longhorn_rtm.080118-1840)609773e344a97410ce4ebf74a8914fcf16 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.0.6001.18000_none_726222dfc773e0a2\
Windows Vista Home Premium x32 Service Pack2:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.0.6001.18000 (longhorn_rtm.080118-1840)609773e344a97410ce4ebf74a8914fcf16 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.0.6001.18000_none_726222dfc773e0a2\
Windows Vista Home Basic x32 Service Pack2:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.0.6001.18000 (longhorn_rtm.080118-1840)609773e344a97410ce4ebf74a8914fcf16 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.0.6001.18000_none_726222dfc773e0a2\
Windows Vista Business x32 Service Pack2:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.0.6001.18000 (longhorn_rtm.080118-1840)609773e344a97410ce4ebf74a8914fcf16 K32 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\x86_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.0.6001.18000_none_726222dfc773e0a2\
Windows Vista Ultimate x64 Service Pack2:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.0.6001.18000 (longhorn_rtm.080118-1840)1523af19ee8b030ba682f7a53537eaeb23 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.0.6001.18000_none_ce80be637fd151d8\
Windows Vista Home Premium x64 Service Pack2:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.0.6001.18000 (longhorn_rtm.080118-1840)1523af19ee8b030ba682f7a53537eaeb23 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.0.6001.18000_none_ce80be637fd151d8\
Windows Vista Home Basic x64 Service Pack2:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.0.6001.18000 (longhorn_rtm.080118-1840)1523af19ee8b030ba682f7a53537eaeb23 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.0.6001.18000_none_ce80be637fd151d8\
Windows Vista Business x64 Service Pack2:
FileVersionFile Md5File SizeFile BitFile Path
6.0.6001.18000 (longhorn_rtm.080118-1840)1523af19ee8b030ba682f7a53537eaeb23 K64 bitDownload this files and unzip them (How to download?)
please place the unpacked files in the following path:
  • • C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\
  • • C:\Windows\winsxs\amd64_microsoft-windows-usermodensi_31bf3856ad364e35_6.0.6001.18000_none_ce80be637fd151d8\
How to download nsiproxy.sys file:

1 Choose your operating system version
2 Click download link and go to the download page of the file.

Firstly, select your Operating System on the blank, and then click "Download" button, and it will quickly redirect to the file download list as the picture below:

Next, please confirm your verion of OS, and select the proper download link.
click "Download this file" to enter its download page.

File Finder:

• Can't find the version of the file you need?
• The downloaded file cannot be used due to unstable network?
You can try to use this file finder. The method is very simple. Enter the file name, and you will find many versions of this file. Select the file version you need to download, this tool will automatically download a complete file for you. Click Here Download File Finder

If you have any further questions or need help, please leave us a message:
Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Please select the message type:
It's a common message
 (when you choose this option, please fill in your Email correctly, and we will reply to you as soon as possible.)

Name *

Email *

Comment

Files List:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789OtherAll Files
If you need help, please contact support@pconlife.com through E-mail
Copyright© 2015-2024 pconlife.com All Rights Reserved.